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weight and performance calculations for the Nieuport 10
Nieuport 10
role : fighter
importance : ***
first flight : operational : June 1915
country : France
design : Gustave Delage
production : unknown
general information :
The Nieuport 10 entered service in the summer of 1915. The small underwing gave firmness to the construction and was small enough not to hinder the crew's sight too much. Loaded with 2 crew members, the plane was somewhat under powered. Pretty quickly, the Nieuport 10 was converted into a single-seater, covering the observer spot and mounting an MG on the upper wing. So it could be used as a fighter aircraft. The Nieuport 10 did not play a striking role but it was a useful aircraft that did do its service.
users : France
crew : 1
armament : 1 fixed 7.70 [mm] (0.303 in) Lewis machine-gun on top plane
engine : 1 Le Rhone 9c air-cooled 9 -cylinder two-valve rotary engine 90 [hp](66.2 KW)
dimensions :
wingspan : 8.2 [m], length : 7.09 [m], height : 2.7[m]
wing area : 18.0 [m^2]
weights :
max.take-off weight : 658 [kg]
empty weight operational : 411 [kg] bombload : 40 [kg]
performance :
maximum speed : 139 [km/hr] at sea-level
climbing speed : 126 [m/min]
service ceiling : 4572 [m]
endurance : 2.5 [hours]
estimated action radius : 156 [km]
description :
1-bay biplane with fixed landing gear and tail strut
upper wing 2 spars, lower wing single spar
engines, landing gear, fuel and bombs in or attached to the fuselage
airscrew :
fixed pitch 2 -bladed tractor airscrew with max. efficiency :0.63 [ ]
estimated diameter airscrew 2.60 [m]
angle of attack prop : 16.22 [ ]
reduction : 1.00 [ ]
airscrew revs : 1300 [r.p.m.]
pitch at Max speed 1.78 [m]
blade-tip speed at Vmax and max revs. : 181 [m/s]
calculation : *1* (dimensions)
mean wing chord : 1.10 [m]
calculated wing chord (rounded tips): 1.24 [m]
wing aspect ratio : 7.47 []
estimated gap : 1.33 [m]
gap/chord : 1.21 [ ]
seize (span*length*height) : 157 [m^3]
calculation : *2* (fuel consumption)
oil consumption : 4.3 [kg/hr]
fuel consumption(cruise speed) : 18.8 [kg/hr] (25.6 [litre/hr]) at 66 [%] power
distance flown for 1 kg fuel : 6.67 [km/kg]
estimated total fuel capacity : 73 [litre] (53 [kg])
calculation : *3* (weight)
weight engine(s) dry : 122.0 [kg] = 1.84 [kg/KW]
weight 16 litre oil tank : 2.0 [kg]
oil tank filled with 0.5 litre oil : 0.4 [kg]
oil in engine 0 litre oil : 0.3 [kg]
fuel in engine 0 litre fuel : 0.3 [kg]
weight 11 litre gravity patrol tank(s) : 1.1 [kg]
weight cowling 2.6 [kg]
weight airscrew(s) (wood) incl. boss & bolts : 15.2 [kg]
total weight propulsion system : 142 [kg](21.6 [%])
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fuselage skeleton (wood gauge : 5.94 [cm]): 64 [kg]
bracing : 3.2 [kg]
fuselage covering ( 9.5 [m2] doped linen fabric) : 3.0 [kg]
weight controls + indicators: 5.5 [kg]
weight seats : 3.0 [kg]
weight other details, lighting set, etc. : 5.1 [kg]
Nieuport 10 brought down behind enemy lines
weight bomb storage : 2.8 [kg]
weight 62 [litre] main fuel tank empty : 5.9 [kg]
weight engine mounts & firewalls : 3 [kg]
total weight fuselage : 96 [kg](14.6 [%])
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weight wing covering (doped linen fabric) : 12 [kg]
total weight ribs (49 ribs) : 39 [kg]
load on front upper spar (clmax) per running metre : 880.7 [N]
load on rear upper spar (vmax) per running metre : 239.8 [N]
total weight 6.0 spars : 34 [kg]
weight wings : 85 [kg]
weight wing/square meter : 4.70 [kg]
weight 4 interplane struts & cabane : 9.0 [kg]
weight cables (41 [m]) : 2.9 [kg] (= 71 [gram] per metre)
diameter cable : 3.4 [mm]
weight fin & rudder (0.8 [m2]) : 3.8 [kg]
weight stabilizer & elevator (2.0 [m2]): 9.6 [kg]
total weight wing surfaces & bracing : 110 [kg] (16.7 [%])
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weight machine-gun(s) : 12.7 [kg]
weight quadrant mounting and Bowden cable : 1.5 [kg]
weight armament : 14 [kg]
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wheel pressure : 329.0 [kg]
weight 2 wheels (700 [mm] by 82 [mm]) : 15.2 [kg]
weight tailskid : 2.1 [kg]
weight undercarriage with axle 17.0 [kg]
total weight landing gear : 34.2 [kg] (5.2 [%]
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calculated empty weight : 396 [kg](60.2 [%])
weight oil for 3.0 hours flying : 12.9 [kg]
weight 5 drums empty : 1.0 [kg]
weight ammunition (235 rounds) : 7.5 [kg]
weight automatic pistol with spare magazines : 1.2 [kg]
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calculated operational weight empty : 418 [kg] (63.5 [%])
published operational weight empty : 411 [kg] (62.5 [%])
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weight crew : 81 [kg]
weight fuel for 1.5 hours flying : 28 [kg]
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operational weight : 527 [kg](80.1 [%])
bomb load : 40 [kg]
operational weight bombing mission : 567 [kg]
fuel reserve : 25 [kg] enough for 1.34 [hours] flying
possible additional useful load : 66 [kg]
operational weight fully loaded : 658 [kg] with fuel tank filled for 100 [%]
published maximum take-off weight : 658 [kg] (100.0 [%])
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calculation : * 4 * (engine power)
power loading (operational without bombload) : 7.96 [kg/kW]
total power : 66.2 [kW] at 1300 [r.p.m]
Nieuport 10 n° 454 de l'équipage composé du Brig Frédéric Quellennec (pilote) et du Ltt Jean Moinier (obs) abattu par le DCA allemande dans les environs de Laon, le 31 mars 1916 - Les deux hommes ont été tués - Cliquez sur l'image pour l'agrandir - Photo Droits réservés.
calculation : *5* (loads)
manoeuvre load : 2.1 [g] at 1000 [m]
limit load : 4.5 [g] ultimate load : 6.8 [g] load factor : 2.8 [g]
design flight time : 2.00 [hours]
design cycles : 450 sorties, design hours : 900 [hours]
operational wing loading : 287 [N/m^2]
wing stress (3 g) during operation : 183 [N/kg] at 3g emergency manoeuvre
calculation : *6* (angles of attack)
angle of attack zero lift : -1.19 ["]
max. angle of attack (stalling angle) : 12.45 ["]
angle of attack at max. speed : 2.58 ["]
calculation : *7* (lift & drag ratios
lift coefficient at angle of attack 0° :0.10 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. angle of attack : 1.15 [ ]
lift coefficient at max. speed : 0.32 [ ]
induced drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0068 [ ]
drag coefficient at max. speed : 0.0653 [ ]
drag coefficient (zero lift) : 0.0585 [ ]
calculation : *8* (speeds
stalling speed at sea-level (OW): 73 [km/u]
landing speed at sea-level (OW without bombload): 87 [km/hr]
min. drag speed (max endurance) : 90 [km/hr] at 2286 [m](power :44 [%])
min. power speed (max range) : 104 [km/hr] at 2286 [m] (power:50 [%])
max. rate of climb speed : 85.7 [km/hr] at sea-level
cruising speed : 125 [km/hr] op 2286 [m] (power:66 [%])
design speed prop : 135 [km/hr]
maximum speed : 139 [km/hr] op 100 [m] (power:99 [%])
climbing speed at sea-level (without bombload) : 238 [m/min]
Epave du Nieuport 10 piloté par le Caporal Bronier escadrille 12 tombé non loin du terrain de Rosnay, le 23 janvier 1916 - Seul à bord, ce mécanicien prenait des cours de pilotage à l'école Mesguich située sur le terrain de la ferme de Rosnay (51) - Il n'a pas réussi à redresser son avion tombé en vrille d'une altitude de 200 mètres - Il a été tué sur le coup - Photo Lucien Lanier transmise par Mme Françoise Lannes, née Labenelle, que je remercie pour son aide.
calculation : *9* (regarding various performances)
take-off distance at sea-level : 216 [m]
lift/drag ratio : 7.95 [ ]
max. practical ceiling : 4725 [m] with flying weight :500 [kg]
practical ceiling (operational weight) : 4400 [m] with flying weight :527 [kg] line 3385
practical ceiling fully loaded (mtow- 1 hour fuel) : 3175 [m] with flying weight :639 [kg]
published ceiling (4572 [m]
climb to 1500m (without bombload) : 7.12 [min]
climb to 3000m (without bombload) : 18.14 [min]
max. dive speed : 284.2 [km/hr] at 2175 [m] height
load factor at max. angle turn 1.93 ["g"]
turn radius at 500m: 51 [m]
time needed for 360* turn 11.2 [seconds] at 500m
calculation *10* (action radius & endurance)
operational endurance : 2.84 [hours] with 1 crew and 106 [kg] useful (bomb)load and 100.0 [%] fuel
published endurance : 2.50 [hours] with 1 crew and possible useful (bomb) load : 112 [kg] and 88.1 [%] fuel
action radius : 464 [km] with 1 crew and 20[kg] photo camera or bombload
max range theoretically with additional fuel tanks for total 229 [litre] fuel : 1120 [km]
useful load with action-radius 250km : 93 [kg]
production : 11.62 [tonkm/hour]
oil and fuel consumption per tonkm : 1.98 [kg]
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Literature :
Praktisch handboek vliegtuigen deel 1 page141
Fighters 1914-19 page136
Jane´s fighting aircraft WWI page 119
DISCLAIMER Above calculations are based on published data, they must be
regarded as indication not as facts.
Calculated performance and weight may not correspond with actual weights
and performances and are assumptions for which no responsibility can be taken.
Calculations are as accurate as possible, they can be fine-tuned when more data
is available, you are welcome to give suggestions and additional information
so we can improve our program. For copyright on drawings/photographs/
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(c) B van der Zalm 23 March 2020 contact : info.aircraftinvestigation@gmail.com python 3.7.4